@article{Wang:2026:10.1029/2025GL119385,
author = {Wang, S and Yang, P and Brindley, HE and Huang, X and L'Ecuyer, TS},
doi = {10.1029/2025GL119385},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
title = {Enhanced Full Spectral Temperature-Dependent Refractive Index of Liquid Water From Supercooled to Ambient Conditions},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119385},
volume = {53},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - A new compilation of the complex refractive index of liquid water is presented, spanning temperatures from (Formula presented.) (near homogeneous freezing) to (Formula presented.) K and wavelengths from (Formula presented.) μm to 10 m. The real part of the refractive index is derived using the Kramers–Kronig relation, where the imaginary part is constrained by measurements reported in literature and validated through the f-sum rule. The result reveals a significant temperature dependence, especially at wavelengths beyond the near-infrared. Sensitivity analyses in the infrared split-window and microwave spectral regime demonstrate substantial differences in bulk optical properties between supercooled and ambient conditions. These findings manifest the importance of accounting for temperature-dependent refractive indices in optical radiative transfer and simulations.
AU  - Wang,S
AU  - Yang,P
AU  - Brindley,HE
AU  - Huang,X
AU  - L'Ecuyer,TS
DO  - 10.1029/2025GL119385
PY  - 2026///
SN  - 0094-8276
TI  - Enhanced Full Spectral Temperature-Dependent Refractive Index of Liquid Water From Supercooled to Ambient Conditions
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119385
VL  - 53
ER  - 

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