@article{Majumdar:2026:10.3390/w18060658,
author = {Majumdar, A and Moulick, D and Dey, A and Das, D and Ghosh, S and Majumder, S and Lama, U and Roychowdhury, T},
doi = {10.3390/w18060658},
journal = {Water},
pages = {658--658},
title = {Micro-Scale Microbial Dynamics at the Soil–Water Interface: Biofilm Architecture, Non-Linear Response, and Emerging Methodological Frontiers},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w18060658},
volume = {18},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - <jats:p>The soil–water interface (SWI) represents a critical biogeochemical hotspot where steep physicochemical gradients across millimetre-to micrometre-scales create diverse ecological niches controlling nutrient cycling, carbon stabilisation, and contaminant transformation. This review synthesises emerging understanding of micro-scale microbial dynamics, biofilm architecture, and functional processes shaping SWI ecosystems. We examine redox stratification driving microbial community assembly, biofilm-mediated nutrient trapping and soil aggregate stabilisation, and dynamic drivers including hydrological fluctuations, viral lysis, and differential transport at gas–water versus solid–water interfaces. Advanced methodologies, microsensor profiling, cryo-sectioning, spatially resolved metatranscriptomics, and non-destructive imaging, now enable unprecedented resolution of SWI microhabitat chemistry and microbial organisation. Horizontal gene transfer within interface biofilms accelerates adaptive responses to environmental stressors. Integration of micro-scale observations into ecosystem-level models remains challenging but essential for predicting soil carbon sequestration, contaminant fate, and microbial resilience under climate change. Strategic SWI management through biofilm engineering and controlled redox manipulation offers novel pathways for sustainable agriculture and bioremediation, though it requires careful balance of multiple ecosystem functions.</jats:p>
AU  - Majumdar,A
AU  - Moulick,D
AU  - Dey,A
AU  - Das,D
AU  - Ghosh,S
AU  - Majumder,S
AU  - Lama,U
AU  - Roychowdhury,T
DO  - 10.3390/w18060658
EP  - 658
PY  - 2026///
SP  - 658
TI  - Micro-Scale Microbial Dynamics at the Soil–Water Interface: Biofilm Architecture, Non-Linear Response, and Emerging Methodological Frontiers
T2  - Water
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w18060658
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w18060658
VL  - 18
ER  - 

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