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BookSugand K, Berry M, Yusuf I, et al., 2019,
Oxford Handbook for Medical School
, Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA, ISBN: 9780199681907This handbook includes quick-access summaries covering the crucial information for your preclinical years and for each clinical specialty.
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Conference paperKaufmann J, Phillips A, McGregor A, 2019,
Investigating bone health in lower-limb amputees
, ISB/ASB 2019 -
Journal articleJones GG, Clarke S, Jaere M, et al., 2019,
Prothèse unicompartimentaire et désostéotomie pour échec d’ostéotomie tibiale : une alternative chirurgicale à l’arthroplastie totale de genouFailed high tibial osteotomy: A joint preserving alternative to total knee arthroplasty
, Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique, Vol: 105, Pages: 41-41, ISSN: 1877-0517High tibial osteotomy is an attractive treatment option for young active patients wishing to return to high level activities. However, it is not considered a long-term solution, with 30% revised at ten years. Currently, the only revision option is a total knee arthroplasty, a procedure that might not deliver the functional level expected by these highly active patients. This paper describes a novel joint preserving approach to HTO revision, using assistive technology, in the form of 3D printed guides, to reverse the osteotomy and simultaneously perform a unicompartmental knee replacement. The indications and planning aims for this procedure are discussed, and the preliminary results in four patients presented. Level of evidence: IV.
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Journal articleJones GG, Clarke S, Jaere M, et al., 2019,
Failed high tibial osteotomy: A joint preserving alternative to total knee arthroplasty
, Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Surgery and Research, Vol: 105, Pages: 85-88, ISSN: 1877-0568High tibial osteotomy is an attractive treatment option for young active patients wishing to return to high-level activities. However, it is not considered a long-term solution, with 30% revised at ten years. Currently, the only revision option is a total knee arthroplasty, a procedure that might not deliver the functional level expected by these highly active patients. This paper describes a novel joint preserving approach to HTO revision, using assistive technology, in the form of 3D printed guides, to reverse the osteotomy and simultaneously perform a unicompartmental knee replacement. The indications and planning aims for this procedure are discussed, and the preliminary results in four patients presented.
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Journal articleReznikov N, Boughton OR, Ghouse S, et al., 2019,
Individual response variations in scaffold-guided bone regeneration are determined by independent strain- and injury-induced mechanisms
, BIOMATERIALS, Vol: 194, Pages: 183-194, ISSN: 0142-9612- Cite
- Citations: 49
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Journal articleSperry MM, Phillips ATM, McGregor AH, 2019,
Lower back pain and healthy subjects exhibit distinct lower limb perturbation response strategies: a preliminary study
, Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Vol: 32, Pages: 27-35, ISSN: 1053-8127BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that inherent differences in movement strategies exist between control subjects and those with a history of lower back pain (LBP). Previous motion analysis studies focus primarily on tracking spinal movements, neglecting the connection between the lower limbs and spinal function. Lack of knowledge surrounding the functional implications of LBP may explain the diversity in success from general treatments currently offered to LBP patients. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study evaluated the response of healthy controls and individuals with a history of LBP (hLBP) to a postural disturbance. METHODS: Volunteers (n= 26) were asked to maintain standing balance in response to repeated balance disturbances delivered via a perturbation platform while both kinematic and electromyographic data were recorded from the trunk, pelvis, and lower limb. RESULTS: The healthy cohort utilized an upper body-focused strategy for balance control, with substantial activation of the external oblique muscles. The hLBP cohort implemented a lower limb-focused strategy, relying on activation of the semitendinosus and soleus muscles. No significant differences in joint range of motion were identified. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that particular reactive movement patterns may indicate muscular deficits in subjects with hLBP. Identification of these deficits may aid in developing specific rehabilitation programs to prevent future LBP recurrence.
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Journal articleWang H, Sugand K, Newman S, et al., 2019,
Are multiple views superior to a single view when teaching hip surgery? A single-blinded randomized controlled trial of technical skill acquisition
, PLoS ONE, Vol: 14, ISSN: 1932-6203s Metrics Comments Media Coverage Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusion Supporting information References Reader Comments (0) Media Coverage (0) FiguresAbstractPurposeSurgical education videos currently all use a single point of view (POV) with the trainee locked onto a fixed viewpoint, which may not deliver sufficient information for complex procedures. We developed a novel multiple POV video system and evaluated its training outcome compared with traditional single POV.MethodsWe filmed a hip resurfacing procedure performed by an expert attending using 8 cameras in theatre. 30 medical students were randomly and equally allocated to learn the procedure using the multiple POV (experiment group [EG]) versus single POV system (control group [CG]). Participants advanced a pin into the femoral head as demonstrated in the video. We measured the drilling trajectories and compared it with pre-operative plan to evaluate distance of the pin insertion and angular deviations. Two orthopedic attendings expertly evaluated the participants’ performance using a modified global rating scale (GRS). There was a pre-video knowledge test that was repeated post-simulation alongside a Likert-scale questionnaire.ResultsThe angular deviation of the pin in EG was significantly less by 29% compared to CG (p = 0.037), with no significant difference in the entry point’s distance between groups (p = 0.204). The GRS scores for EG were 3.5% higher than CG (p = 0.046). There was a 32% higher overall knowledge test score (p<0.001) and 21% improved Likert-scale questionnaire score (p = 0.002) after video-learning in EG than CG, albeit no significant difference in the knowledge test score before video-learning (p = 0.721).ConclusionThe novel multiple POV provided significant objective and subjective advantages over single POV for acquisition of technical skills in hip surgery.
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Journal articleDoyle R, Boughton O, Plant D, et al., 2019,
An in vitro model of impaction during hip arthroplasty
, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, Vol: 82, Pages: 220-227, ISSN: 0021-9290- Cite
- Citations: 8
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Book chapterRodríguez-Merchán EC, Liddle AD, 2019,
Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: Partial Lateral Patellar Facetectomy
, Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint Diagnosis and Management, Pages: 123-127Partial lateral facetectomy is a relatively easy and efficacious surgical treatment for middle-aged to elderly active patients with isolated lateral patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) who require pain relief and maintenance of level of activity but who wish to avoid arthroplasty. It can be performed arthroscopically or open. The indications are isolated patellofemoral OA in patients with an overhanging lateral facet of the patella with anterolateral knee pain and lack of response to conservative treatment. A satisfactory outcome after lateral patellar facetectomy for isolated patellofemoral OA can be foreseen in about half of the cases at 10 years follow-up; patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be performed with no special considerations in patients who do not achieve adequate pain relief following partial lateral facetectomy.
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Journal articleRodríguez-Merchán EC, Liddle AD, 2019,
Preface
, Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint Diagnosis and Management, Pages: v-vi- Cite
- Citations: 1
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Book chapterRodríguez-Merchán EC, Encinas-Ullán CA, Liddle AD, 2019,
Risk Factors and Demographics for Recurrent Lateral Dislocation of the Patella in Adults
, Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint Diagnosis and Management, Pages: 59-65The management of acute dislocation of the patella is focused on the avoidance of long term instability. In the absence of surgery, around one third of the up to 77 traumatic knee dislocations which occur per 100, 000 persons per year go on to chronic instability. Predictors include demographic factors (most importantly, the youth of the patient) and morphological factors. Those who go on to chronic instability generally have at least two morphological risk factors; the most important of these are trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance and generalised malalignment or malrotation of the lower limb.
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Book chapterLiddle AD, Rodríguez-Merchán EC, 2019,
Patellofemoral Instability: Lateral Release
, Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint Diagnosis and Management, Pages: 89-94Lateral retinacular release has historically been a popular procedure for the treatment of recurrent patellar instability in adolescents and adults. However, as our understanding of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of patellar instability has increased, it has fallen out of favour. Current management of patellar instability has focused on treating the pathoanatomy involved, in an approach individualized to the patient. Currently, lateral release is used as an adjunct to other surgical procedures for instability, with other indications including isolated retinacular pain or symptomatic bipartite patella. In this chapter, the techniques, indications, results and complications of lateral release are discussed.
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BookRodríguez-Merchán EC, Liddle AD, 2019,
Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint: Diagnosis and Management
This state-of-the-art book provides a comprehensive overview of the most common patellofemoral joint problems. Utilizing the latest evidence, it guides readers through prevention, diagnosis and treatment for both adult and paediatric patients. After discussing clinical examination and diagnosis, it explores topics such as acute and recurrent dislocation of the patella, cartilage defects of the joint, patellofemoral instability and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The book also features a chapter on conservative strategies, including physical medicine and rehabilitation. Research is moving quickly in this field, and as such there is a growing need for consensus documents: written by leading experts, this comprehensive book is a valuable resource for orthopaedic surgeons, knee specialists and sports medicine ones, and is also of great interest to physiatrists, physical therapists and all healthcare workers involved in the care of these patients.
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Journal articlePapi E, Bull A, McGregor A, 2019,
Spinal segments do not move together predictably during daily activities
, Gait and Posture, Vol: 67, Pages: 277-283, ISSN: 0966-6362Background: Considering the thoracic, lumbar spine or whole spine as rigid segments has been the norm until recent studies highlighted the importance of more detailed modelling. A better understanding of the requirement for spine multi-segmental analysis could guide planning of future studies and avoid missing clinically-relevant information.Research question: This study aims to assess the correlation between adjacent spine segments movement thereby evaluating segmental redundancy in both healthy and participants with low back pain (LBP).Methods: A 3D motion capture system tracked the movement of upper and lower thoracic and lumbar spine segments in twenty healthy and twenty participants with LBP. Tasks performed included walking, sit-to-stand and lifting, repeated 3 times. 3D angular kinematics were calculated for each spine segment. Segmental redundancy was evaluated through cross-correlation (Rxy) analysis of kinematics time series and correlation of range of motion (RROM) of adjacent spine segments.Results: The upper/lower lumbar pairing showed weak correlations in the LBP group for all tasks and anatomical planes (Rxyrange:0.02–0.36) but moderate and strong correlations during walking (Rxy _frontalplane:0.4) and lifting (Rxy _sagittalplane:0.64) in the healthy group. The lower thoracic/upper lumbar pairing had weak correlations for both groups during lifting and sit-to-stand in the frontal plane and for walking (Rxy:0.01) in the sagittal plane only. The upper/lower thoracic pairing had moderate correlations during sit-to-stand in sagittal and transverse plane in patients with LBP (Rxy _sagittalplane:0.41; Rxy _transverse plane:−0.42) but weak in healthy (Rxy _sagittalplane:0.23; Rxy _transverseplane:−0.34); the contrary was observed during lifting.The majority of RROM values (55/72) demonstrated weak correlations.Significance:The results suggest that multi-segmental analysis of the spine is necessary if spine movement characteristics are to be
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Journal articleBhattacharyya R, Davidson DJ, Sugand K, et al., 2018,
Knee Arthroscopy: A Simulation Demonstrating the Imperial Knee Arthroscopy Cognitive Task Analysis (IKACTA) Tool.
, JBJS Essent Surg Tech, Vol: 8, Pages: e32-e32, ISSN: 2160-2204Background: Virtual reality and cadaveric simulations are expensive and not readily accessible1. Innovative and accessible training adjuncts are required to help meet training needs. Cognitive task analysis (CTA) has been used extensively to train pilots and surgeons in other surgical specialties2-6. However, the use of CTA tools within orthopaedics is in its infancy. Arthroscopic procedures are minimally invasive and require a different skill set compared with open surgery. Residents often feel poorly prepared to perform this in the operating room because of the steep learning curve associated with acquiring basic arthroscopic skills. We designed the Imperial Knee Arthroscopy Cognitive Task Analysis (IKACTA) tool, which is, to our knowledge, the first CTA tool described in the orthopaedic literature, demonstrating significant objective benefits in training novices to perform diagnostic knee arthroscopy. Description: The IKACTA tool, which is the combination of the written description of the phases below and the videos (with superimposed audio recordings) of each phase, utilizes simultaneous written and audiovisual modalities to teach diagnostic knee arthroscopy. The procedure was divided into 7 phases: (1) operating room and patient setup, (2) preparation and draping, (3) anterolateral portal placement, (4) examination of the patellofemoral joint and the lateral gutter, (5) examination of the medial compartment and anteromedial portal placement, (6) examination of the intercondylar notch and the lateral compartment, and (7) postoperative care and rehabilitation.For each phase, there are sections on the technical steps, cognitive decision-making behind each technical step, and potential errors and solutions. Video clips recorded by an expert surgeon in the operating room specific to each phase and audio voice recordings explaining each phase superimposed on the video clips were combined with the written information to design the IKACTA tool. Alternatives: Not applic
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Journal articleCowell I, O'Sullivan P, O'Sullivan K, et al., 2018,
Perceptions of physiotherapists towards the management of non-specific chronic low back pain from a biopsychosocial perspective: a qualitative study
, Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, Vol: 38, Pages: 113-119, ISSN: 2468-8630BackgroundPhysiotherapists have been urged to embrace a patient-oriented biopsychosocial (BPS) framework for the management of non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). However, recent evidence suggests that providing broader BPS interventions demonstrates small differences in pain or disability compared to usual care. Little is known about how to integrate a BPS model into physiotherapy practice and the challenges it presents.ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of physiotherapists' in primary care in England adopting a BPS approach to managing NSCLBP patients.MethodQualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten physiotherapists working in primary care. A purposive sampling method was employed to seek the broadest perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts and capture the emergent themes.ResultsThree main themes emerged: (1) physiotherapists recognised the multi-dimensional nature of NSCLBP and the need to manage the condition from a BPS perspective, (2) addressing psychological factors was viewed as challenging due to a lack of training and guidance, (3) engaging patients to self-manage their NSCLBP was seen as a key objective.ConclusionAlthough employing a BPS approach is recognised by physiotherapists in the management of NSCLBP, this study highlights the problems of implementing evidence based guidelines recommending that psychological factors be addressed but providing limited support for this. It also supports the need to allocate more time to explore these domains in distressed individuals. Engaging patients to self-manage was seen as a key objective, which was not a straightforward process, requiring careful negotiation.
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Journal articleMullington CJ, Low DA, Strutton PH, et al., 2018,
Body temperature, cutaneous heat loss and skin blood flow during epidural anaesthesia for emergency caesarean section
, Anaesthesia, Vol: 73, Pages: 1500-1506, ISSN: 0003-2409It is not clear how converting epidural analgesia for labour to epidural anaesthesia for emergency caesarean section affects either cutaneous vasomotor tone or mean body temperature. We hypothesised that topping up a labour epidural blocks active cutaneous vasodilation (cutaneous heat loss and skin blood flow decrease), and that as a result mean body temperature increases. Twenty women in established labour had body temperature, cutaneous heat loss and skin blood flow recorded before and after epidural top‐up for emergency caesarean section. Changes over time were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA. Mean (SD) mean body temperature was 36.8 (0.5)°C at epidural top‐up and 36.9 (0.6)°C at delivery. Between epidural top‐up and delivery, the mean (SD) rate of increase in mean body temperature was 0.5 (0.5) °C.h−1. Following epidural top‐up, chest (p < 0.001) and forearm (p = 0.004) heat loss decreased, but head (p = 0.05), thigh (p = 0.79) and calf (p = 1.00) heat loss did not change. The mean (SD) decrease in heat loss was 15 (19) % (p < 0.001). Neither arm (p = 0.06) nor thigh (p = 0.10) skin blood flow changed following epidural top‐up. Despite the lack of change in skin blood flow, the most plausible explanation for the reduction in heat loss and the increase in mean body temperature is blockade of active cutaneous vasodilation. It is possible that a similar mechanism is responsible for the hyperthermia associated with labour epidural analgesia.
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Journal articleRudran B, Logishetty K, 2018,
Virtual reality simulation: a paradigm shift for therapy and medical education
, BRITISH JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE, Vol: 79, Pages: 666-667, ISSN: 1750-8460- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Conference paperCourtney A, Harvey R, Abel R, et al., 2018,
CHANGES IN BONE TURNOVER MARKERS IN ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH LHRH AGONISTS AND TRANSDERMAL OESTRADIOL PATCHES
, Osteoporosis Conference, Publisher: SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Pages: 617-617, ISSN: 0937-941X -
Journal articleLogishetty K, Western L, Morgan R, et al., 2018,
Can an Augmented Reality Headset Improve Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Orientation in Simulated THA? A Randomized Trial.
, Clin Orthop Relat ResBACKGROUND: Accurate implant orientation reduces wear and increases stability in arthroplasty but is a technically demanding skill. Augmented reality (AR) headsets overlay digital information on top of the real world. We have developed an enhanced AR headset capable of tracking bony anatomy in relation to an implant, but it has not yet been assessed for its suitability as a training tool for implant orientation. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) In the setting of simulated THA performed by novices, does an AR headset improve the accuracy of acetabular component positioning compared with hands-on training by an expert surgeon? (2) What are trainees' perceptions of the AR headset in terms of realism of the task, acceptability of the technology, and its potential role for surgical training? METHODS: Twenty-four study participants (medical students in their final year of school, who were applying to surgery residency programs, and who had no prior arthroplasty experience) participated in a randomized simulation trial using an AR headset and a simulated THA. Participants were randomized to two groups completing four once-weekly sessions of baseline assessment, training, and reassessment. One group trained using AR (with live holographic orientation feedback) and the other received one-on-one training from a hip arthroplasty surgeon. Demographics and baseline performance in orienting an acetabular implant to six patient-specific values on the phantom pelvis were collected before training and were comparable. The orientation error in degrees between the planned and achieved orientations was measured and was not different between groups with the numbers available (surgeon group mean error ± SD 16° ± 7° versus AR 14° ± 7°; p = 0.22). Participants trained by AR also completed a validated posttraining questionnaire evaluating their experiences. RESULTS: During the four training sessions, participants using AR-guidance had smaller mean (± SD) e
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