@article{Ngwili:2026:10.1186/s42522-026-00199-3,
author = {Ngwili, N and Kachepa, U and Korir, M and Chavula, M and Wood, C and Chiphwanya, J and Kafanikhale, H and Glazer, C and Juziwelo, L and Munkhondia-Phiri, P and Musaya, J and Thomas, LF and Dixon-Zegeye, M},
doi = {10.1186/s42522-026-00199-3},
journal = {One Health Outlook},
title = {Spatial and temporal risk mapping of human and porcine Taenia solium infections in Malawi: a systematic review and geostatistical approach},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42522-026-00199-3},
volume = {8},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background Taenia solium, colloquially called the pork tapeworm, is a zoonotic parasite with a human definitive host and a porcine intermediate host. Humans can become an aberrant intermediate host due to accidental ingestion of parasite eggs from the environment or through autoinfection, resulting in human cysticercosis (HCC), neurocysticercosis (NCC) if the central nervous system is infected. Pigs become infected with the larval stage, porcine cysticercosis (PCC), through the ingestion of parasite eggs shed by humans through defecation. Malawi has been classified as endemic for T. solium by the WHO based on the presence of key risk factors; however, the subnational distribution is not known. To ensure the appropriate resources are mobilized to support targeted future T. solium control measures in Malawi, there is a need to understand the variation in T. solium endemicity status across the country.Methods The current study uses a systematic literature review (SLR) using a pre-registered protocol; (PROSPERO CRD42023411044) to collate all available evidence on T. solium in Malawi. A geospatial risk mapping approach was conducted based on data from Malawi demographic health surveys (MDHS), and pig density data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) database to create geospatial risk maps of endemic subnational areas for 2000, 2004, 2010, and 2016. To create a single composite risk factor map for the four years from the MDHS, each parameter was plotted as a binary variable with the high or low risk categories and overlaid into a single composite risk factor classification. Additional data from hospital records on NCC and meat inspection records across several Agricultural Development Divisions (ADDs) were also collected.
AU  - Ngwili,N
AU  - Kachepa,U
AU  - Korir,M
AU  - Chavula,M
AU  - Wood,C
AU  - Chiphwanya,J
AU  - Kafanikhale,H
AU  - Glazer,C
AU  - Juziwelo,L
AU  - Munkhondia-Phiri,P
AU  - Musaya,J
AU  - Thomas,LF
AU  - Dixon-Zegeye,M
DO  - 10.1186/s42522-026-00199-3
PY  - 2026///
SN  - 2524-4655
TI  - Spatial and temporal risk mapping of human and porcine Taenia solium infections in Malawi: a systematic review and geostatistical approach
T2  - One Health Outlook
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42522-026-00199-3
VL  - 8
ER  - 

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