@article{Klimek:2026:10.1111/all.70219,
author = {Klimek, L and Mullol, J and Hummel, T and Del, Giacco S and Georgalas, C and Rondon, C and Schiappoli, M and Gevaert, P and Bozkurt, B and Chaker, A and Reitsma, S and van, Gerven L and Maza-Solano, J and Lundberg, M and Becker, S and Bärhold, F and Karavelia, A and Cuevas, M and Gröger, M and Huber, P and Arasi, S and Cingi, C and Rojas-Lechuga, MJ and Izquierdo-Domínguez, A and Agache, I and Gawlik, R and Sokolowska, M and Adcock, IM and Celik, G and Escribese, M and Walusiak-Skorupa, J and Betz, C and Palomares, O and Moreira, A and Bonadonna, P and Shamji, M and Torres, Jaen MJ and Akdis, C and Hagemann, J and Hox, V and Toppila-Salmi, S},
doi = {10.1111/all.70219},
journal = {Allergy},
title = {The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.70219},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The sense of smell, with its extensive evolutionary history, is highly prone to disorders that can have a profound impact on daily life. Anosmia affects approximately 5% of the population, with an additional 15% exhibiting reduced olfactory function. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) varies by population and age group, and standardized testing reveals a broad range of impacts. OD includes various causes, most commonly aging, inflammation of the olfactory epithelium, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), traumatic brain injury, and neurological conditions. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the association between viral infections and olfactory dysfunction, with severe hyposmia/anosmia being an early marker of infection. Despite its importance, the assessment of olfactory function remains inconsistent across clinical practices. Psychophysical smell tests, while vital for diagnosis and patient management, are underutilized, especially outside of specialized centers. Standardized testing methods are crucial for objective diagnosis, but significant challenges, including test variability, lack of comparability, and healthcare reimbursement issues, persist. The European Academy of Allergy and Immunology (EAACI) advocates for improvements in the quality and standardization of chemosensory assessments. Future efforts must prioritize education, incentives for better testing, and the integration of digital tools to expand access to olfactory testing and diagnosis in remote or quarantine situations. However, office-based testing remains irreplaceable, even with advancements in telemedicine.
AU  - Klimek,L
AU  - Mullol,J
AU  - Hummel,T
AU  - Del,Giacco S
AU  - Georgalas,C
AU  - Rondon,C
AU  - Schiappoli,M
AU  - Gevaert,P
AU  - Bozkurt,B
AU  - Chaker,A
AU  - Reitsma,S
AU  - van,Gerven L
AU  - Maza-Solano,J
AU  - Lundberg,M
AU  - Becker,S
AU  - Bärhold,F
AU  - Karavelia,A
AU  - Cuevas,M
AU  - Gröger,M
AU  - Huber,P
AU  - Arasi,S
AU  - Cingi,C
AU  - Rojas-Lechuga,MJ
AU  - Izquierdo-Domínguez,A
AU  - Agache,I
AU  - Gawlik,R
AU  - Sokolowska,M
AU  - Adcock,IM
AU  - Celik,G
AU  - Escribese,M
AU  - Walusiak-Skorupa,J
AU  - Betz,C
AU  - Palomares,O
AU  - Moreira,A
AU  - Bonadonna,P
AU  - Shamji,M
AU  - Torres,Jaen MJ
AU  - Akdis,C
AU  - Hagemann,J
AU  - Hox,V
AU  - Toppila-Salmi,S
DO  - 10.1111/all.70219
PY  - 2026///
TI  - The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.
T2  - Allergy
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.70219
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41623157
ER  - 

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