@article{Layhadi:2026:10.1111/all.16640,
author = {Layhadi, JA and Starchenka, S and De, Kam P and Palmer, E and Wu, LYD and Keane, ST and Fulton, WT and Hikmawati, P and Meng, X and Filipaviciute, P and Cutrina, Pons A and Oluwayi, K and Lis, K and Armfield, O and Skinner, MA and Heath, MD and Hewings, SJ and Kramer, MF and Shamji, MH},
doi = {10.1111/all.16640},
journal = {Allergy},
pages = {232--247},
title = {Modulation of cellular, molecular, and humoral responses by PQ Grass 27,600 SU for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomised double blind placebo control exploratory field study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.16640},
volume = {81},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background:A short-course pre-seasonal subcutaneous injection of PQ Grass is clinically effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, though its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study was to interrogate immunological mechanisms induced by PQ Grass conventional and extended regimens.Methods:A RDBPC exploratory field study involving participants that either received injections of PQ Grass with a cumulative dose of 27,600 SU conventional (six once weekly injections) or extended regimen (three once weekly injections followed by three once monthly injections) or placebo containing microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) (placebo + MCT) or saline (placebo) was performed. Humoral, cellular, and molecular responses were assessed at baseline (V1), end of treatment, prior to grass pollen season (V12) and end of pollen season (V15). Immunoglobulin analyses and cellular/gene microarray analyses were performed in the sub-study cohort consisting of PQ Grass Conventional (n = 25 and n = 10, respectively), PQ Grass Extended (n = 26 and n = 10, respectively), Placebo with MCT (n = 13 and n = 5, respectively), and Placebo (saline; n = 12 and n = 5, respectively).Results:Both PQ Grass regimens, conventional and extended, were associated with improvement in total combined scores (TCS) with a relative difference of −35.0% (p = 0.03) and −40.8% (p = 0.01) against placebo with MCT, respectively. Both PQ Grass treatment regimens were associated with increases in the sIgG4/sIgE ratio (all, p < 0.05) and induction of IgA1 (all, p < 0.05) and IgA2 (all, p < 0.01) compared to placebo groups. Nasal fluid (p < 0.01) and serum (p < 0.05) blocking antibodies are functional and have the capacity to inhibit allergen-IgE complex formation and binding to B cells i
AU  - Layhadi,JA
AU  - Starchenka,S
AU  - De,Kam P
AU  - Palmer,E
AU  - Wu,LYD
AU  - Keane,ST
AU  - Fulton,WT
AU  - Hikmawati,P
AU  - Meng,X
AU  - Filipaviciute,P
AU  - Cutrina,Pons A
AU  - Oluwayi,K
AU  - Lis,K
AU  - Armfield,O
AU  - Skinner,MA
AU  - Heath,MD
AU  - Hewings,SJ
AU  - Kramer,MF
AU  - Shamji,MH
DO  - 10.1111/all.16640
EP  - 247
PY  - 2026///
SN  - 0105-4538
SP  - 232
TI  - Modulation of cellular, molecular, and humoral responses by PQ Grass 27,600 SU for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomised double blind placebo control exploratory field study
T2  - Allergy
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.16640
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/all.16640
VL  - 81
ER  - 

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