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Grantham notes

Grantham notes present the current science and technology understanding behind key issues in the climate debate.

The first batch in the series covers aspects of climate science relevant to Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report published in 2013.

Publication thumbnail

The slowdown in global mean surface temperature rise - Grantham Note 1

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


Publication thumbnail

Climate sensitivity - Grantham Note 2

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


Publication thumbnail

Sea level rise - Grantham Note 3

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


Publication thumbnail

Earth's energy budget - Grantham Note 4

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


Publication thumbnail

The changing water cycle - Grantham Note 5

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


Publication thumbnail

Climate change, greenhouse gases and radiative forcing - Grantham Note 6

Topics: Earth systems science

Type: Grantham notes

Publication date: September 2013


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  • Climate change FAQs: causes, impacts and action
    • How do we know climate change is happening?
    • What are the impacts of climate change?
    • How and when do we need to act on climate change?
    • What are the world’s countries doing about climate change?
    • How will acting on climate change affect the economy?
    • How can acting to halt climate change be made ‘fair’?
    • How does climate change affect heatwaves?
    • How does climate change affect wildfires?
    • What is El Niño and how is it influenced by climate change?
  • Grantham Institute blog
  • Background briefings
    • Limiting temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels
    • Phasing out 'unabated fossil fuels': the importance of defining 'abatement'
    • Pledges and policies: are we on track to meet climate goals?
    • Loss and Damage Fund: the need for climate impact metrics
    • Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)
    • How reliable is a renewables-dominated electricity system in comparison to one based on fossil fuels?
    • How cost-effective is a renewables-dominated electricity system in comparison to one based on fossil fuels?
    • How well suited are heat pumps to UK homes and how economical are they?
    • Autumn and winter storms in the UK 2023-24
    • Why is achieving net zero necessary?
    • How well equipped is the UK charging infrastructure to support greater uptake of electric vehicles?
    • How does climate change affect people's health in the UK?
    • Spotlight on COP29: Scaling up private climate finance in developing countries
    • Can we adapt to all current and future climate impacts?
    • Methane and global climate goals
    • Transitioning away from fossil fuels: delivering the transition in low- and lower middle-income fossil fuel producing countries
    • Sustainable aviation fuel: what does it mean for airport expansion?
    • UK and European heatwave 2025
    • Accelerating innovation in building retrofit for a net zero future
  • Podcasts
    • 15 Minutes into the Future
    • Planet Pod gets to net zero
    • Podcasts: Accelerating to a Better Future - season 1 (2021)
    • Podcasts: Climate Papers
    • Tipping points

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