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Journal articleO'Malley M, Holttinen H, Cutululis N, et al., 2024,
Grand challenges of wind energy science - meeting the needs and services of the power system
, Wind Energy Science, Vol: 9, Pages: 2087-2112, ISSN: 2366-7443The share of wind power in power systems is increasing dramatically, and this is happening in parallel with increased penetration of solar photovoltaics, storage, other inverter-based technologies, and electrification of other sectors. Recognising the fundamental objective of power systems, maintaining supply–demand balance reliably at the lowest cost, and integrating all these technologies are significant research challenges that are driving radical changes to planning and operations of power systems globally. In this changing environment, wind power can maximise its long-term value to the power system by balancing the needs it imposes on the power system with its contribution to addressing these needs with services. A needs and services paradigm is adopted here to highlight these research challenges, which should also be guided by a balanced approach, concentrating on its advantages over competitors. The research challenges within the wind technology itself are many and varied, with control and coordination internally being a focal point in parallel with a strong recommendation for a holistic approach targeted at where wind has an advantage over its competitors and in coordination with research into other technologies such as storage, power electronics, and power systems.
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Conference paperThakar S, Ramasubramanian D, Matevosyan J, et al., 2024,
System services from inverter based resources for reliable operation
, 2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 1-5With the increasing penetration of inverter based resources (IBRs) in present and future power systems, it is important to consider the different grid services needed from/provided by IBRs. To ensure network stability after a contingency such as trip of a synchronous generator or a fault, a grid may require services (for example, fast voltage control) from various IBRs. New IBRs to be installed with future capabilities (inherent blackstart capability) are often seen as a potential source for such services. However, the capability of many existing IBRs today are underutilized and if the capability from existing IBRs is utilized efficiently, it could greatly improve the network performance and reduce services needed from the future IBRs. This paper provides few illustrative examples detailing some of the services that may be needed by an IBR-dominated grid and the impact of asking these services from future IBRs and/or supplementing with services from existing IBRs.
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Journal articleChu Z, Wu J, Teng F, 2024,
Pricing of short circuit current in high IBR-penetrated system
, ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH, Vol: 235, ISSN: 0378-7796 -
Journal articleDucoin E, Gu Y, Chaudhuri B, et al., 2024,
Analytical design of contributions of grid-forming & grid-following inverters to frequency stability
, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol: 39, Pages: 6345-6358, ISSN: 0885-8950Most of the new renewable generation in power systems is connected through Grid-Following inverters (GFL). The accompanying decline of fossil-fuelled synchronous generation reduces the grid inertia. As these two trends progress, instabilities become more likely. To allow more renewables onto the grid, the use of combinations of GFL and Grid-Forming inverters (GFM) has been proposed, however, it is unclear how to parametrise these inverters for system objectives. This paper tackles the issue of parametrizing each GFM and GFL to ensure frequency trajectories at all buses, expressed in terms of frequency deviation, Rate of Change of Frequency and settling time, are stable, recognising that local frequencies can deviate substantially from the Center of Inertia (COI). The procedure to achieve this comprises simple closed-form equations, and yields the required values of droop slopes, GFM filter bandwidth and GFL Phase-Locked Loop bandwidth. These equations are derived from an analytical formulation of swing equations for GFM and GFL which are combined to describe the behaviour of not only the COI but also each bus. The detailed EMT simulations of a modified IEEE 14-bus network demonstrate that the simplifying assumptions made in the analysis are justified by the close correspondence between simulation and analytical projections.
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Journal articleHawker G, Bell K, Bialek J, et al., 2024,
Management of extreme weather impacts on electricity grids: an international review
, PROGRESS IN ENERGY, Vol: 6 -
Journal articleChu Z, Cui G, Teng F, 2024,
Scheduling of Software-Defined Microgrids for Optimal Frequency Regulation
, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 1715-1728, ISSN: 1949-3029 -
Journal articleFrolke L, Prat E, Pinson P, et al., 2024,
On the efficiency of energy markets with non-merchant storage
, ENERGY SYSTEMS-OPTIMIZATION MODELING SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS, ISSN: 1868-3967 -
Journal articleChaudhuri B, Ramasubramanian D, Matevosyan J, et al., 2024,
Rebalancing needs and services for future grids: system needs and service provisions with increasing shares of inverter-based resources
, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol: 22, Pages: 30-41, ISSN: 1540-7977The primary objective of electricity grids is to reliably meet the electricity demand at a minimum cost. This objective can be broken down into a set of needs that are met through services. These services are procured by mandating them either in grid codes or via market mechanisms. While grids in different countries/regions share common features in terms of needs and services, there are variations arising in physical, regulatory, and policy contexts. With the increased use of inverter-based resources (IBRs), such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) power and battery energy storage systems (BESSs), grids are undergoing changes that are altering the balance between needs and services. This balance is crucial in managing changes that will ensure that grids will continue to be able to meet demands. As increasingly more synchronous machines (SMs) are replaced by IBRs, the services inherently provided by the remaining SMs are dwindling, thus requiring the IBRs to contribute where they can.
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Journal articleXu L, Feng K, Lin N, et al., 2024,
Resilience of renewable power systems under climate risks
, Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, Vol: 1, Pages: 53-66, ISSN: 2948-1201Climate change is expected to intensify the effects of extreme weather events on power systems and increase the frequency of severe power outages. The large-scale integration of environment-dependent renewables during energy decarbonization could induce increased uncertainty in the supply–demand balance and climate vulnerability of power grids. This Perspective discusses the superimposed risks of climate change, extreme weather events and renewable energy integration, which collectively affect power system resilience. Insights drawn from large-scale spatiotemporal data on historical US power outages induced by tropical cyclones illustrate the vital role of grid inertia and system flexibility in maintaining the balance between supply and demand, thereby preventing catastrophic cascading failures. Alarmingly, the future projections under diverse emission pathways signal that climate hazards — especially tropical cyclones and heatwaves — are intensifying and can cause even greater impacts on the power grids. High-penetration renewable power systems under climate change may face escalating challenges, including more severe infrastructure damage, lower grid inertia and flexibility, and longer post-event recovery. Towards a net-zero future, this Perspective then explores approaches for harnessing the inherent potential of distributed renewables for climate resilience through forming microgrids, aligned with holistic technical solutions such as grid-forming inverters, distributed energy storage, cross-sector interoperability, distributed optimization and climate–energy integrated modelling.
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Conference paperGorbunov A, Peng JC-H, Bialek J, et al., 2024,
Can Center-of-Inertia Model be Identified From Ambient Frequency Measurements?
, IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting (PESGM), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 1944-9925
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Publications from colleagues on EPICS-UK outside of Imperial: