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• Journal article
  Beccaria M, Kurlyand SA, Tseytlin AA, 2026,

  Strong coupling expansion of 12 BPS Wilson loop in SYM theory and 2-loop Green-Schwarz string in AdS5 × S5

  , Nuclear Physics B, Vol: 1025, ISSN: 0550-3213

  The exact localization result for the expectation value of the 12 BPS circular Wilson loop in N=4 SYM theory is given in the planar limit by the famous Bessel function expression: 〈W〉=2NλI<inf>1</inf>(λ). Expanded in large λ and expressed in terms of the AdS<inf>5</inf> × S ⁵ string tension T=λ2π this gives 〈W〉=T2πg<inf>s</inf>e^2πT(1−316πT⁻¹+…).The exponential is matched by the value of the action of the string with the AdS<inf>2</inf> world volume while the prefactor comes from the 1-loop GS string correction. Here we address the question of how the subleading T⁻¹ term could be reproduced by the 2-loop correction in the corresponding partition function of the AdS<inf>5</inf> × S ⁵ GS string expanded near the AdS<inf>2</inf> minimal surface. We find that the string correction contains a non-zero UV logarithmic divergence implying that comparison with the SYM result requires a particular subtraction prescription. We discuss implications of this conclusion for checking the AdS/CFT duality at strong coupling.

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• Journal article
  Beccaria M, Kurlyand SA, Tseytlin AA, 2026,

  2-loop free energy of M2 brane in AdS7 × S4 and surface defect anomaly in (2,0) theory

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2026

  <jats:title> A <jats:sc>bstract</jats:sc> </jats:title> <jats:p> <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$$ \frac{1}{2} $$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> -BPS surface operator viewed as a conformal defect in rank <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> 6d (2,0) theory is expected to have a holographic description in terms of a probe M2 brane wrapped on AdS <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> in the AdS <jats:sub>7</jats:sub> × <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sup>4</jats:sup> M-theory background. The M2 brane has the effective tension T <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> = <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$$ \frac{2}{\pi } $$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mfrac> </mml:math

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• Journal article
  Hull C, Lambert N, 2026,

  Quantising chiral bosons on Riemann surfaces

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2026

  <jats:title> A <jats:sc>bstract</jats:sc> </jats:title> <jats:p>Sen’s action in two dimensions governs a chiral boson coupled to a two-dimensional metric together with a second chiral boson that couples to a flat two-dimensional metric. This second scalar decouples from the physical degrees of freedom. The generalisation of this action to one in which the second chiral scalar couples to an arbitrary second metric is used to formulate the theory on an arbitrary two-dimensional manifold. We use this action with both metrics Riemannian (or complex) to formulate the path integral on any Riemann surface. We calculate the partition function in this way and check the result with that calculated using canonical quantisation, and then extend this to multiple chiral bosons. The partition function for chiral scalars taking values on a rational torus is a sum of terms, each of which is the product of two holomorphic functions, one a function of the modulus of the first metric and the other a function of the modulus of the second metric. In particular, for the case of chiral bosons moving on a torus defined by an even self-dual lattice, the partition function is a single product of two such holomorphic functions, not a sum of such terms. This is applied to the heterotic string to give a world-sheet action whose quantisation is modular invariant and free from anomalies. We discuss modular invariance for the moduli of both metrics and the extension to higher genus Riemann surfaces.</jats:p>

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• Journal article
  Genolini PB, Gauntlett JP, Jiao Y, Park J, Sparks Jet al., 2026,

  Equivariant localization for D = 5 gauged supergravity

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2026

  <jats:title> A <jats:sc>bstract</jats:sc> </jats:title> <jats:p> We consider supersymmetric solutions of <jats:italic>D</jats:italic> = 5 Euclidean gauged supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. We consider solutions that admit both the R-symmetry Killing vector, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$$ \mathcal{K} $$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> , constructed as a bilinear in the Killing spinor, as well as an additional Killing vector <jats:italic>ℓ</jats:italic> . Using <jats:italic>ℓ</jats:italic> to perform a dimensional reduction to <jats:italic>D</jats:italic> = 4, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$$ \mathcal{N} $$</jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> = 2 gauged supergravity, we show how the <jats:italic>D</jats:italic> = 5 on-shell action can be computed using equivariant localization

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• Journal article
  Arias-Tamargo G, Hull C, Velásquez Cotini Hutt ML, 2026,

  Nonrenormalization of coupling constants from categorical symmetries in two dimensions

  , Physical Review D, Vol: 113, ISSN: 2470-0010

  <jats:p> We study the role of categorical symmetries in constraining the renormalization of couplings in two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models with a Wess-Zumino term. A large class of these theories admits self-duality symmetries associated with discrete gauging and T-duality. They are generically nonconformal, but we argue that a particular coupling is protected from quantum corrections by the categorical symmetry. We give strong evidence for this claim by showing that the <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>β</a:mi> </a:math> -function for this coupling vanishes to 2-loop order if and only if this symmetry is present. Furthermore, in cases where the target space is a group manifold, the nonrenormalization result can be proven to hold nonperturbatively. </jats:p>

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• Journal article
  Borissova J, Magueijo J, 2026,

  Quantum dynamics and thermodynamics of a Minkowski-Minkowski wormhole

  , Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol: 2026, Pages: 072-072

  <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We consider the path-integral quantization of a minisuperspace cut-and-paste Lorentzian wormhole connecting two Minkowski spacetimes. The dynamics of the throat radius as a function of proper time is governed by a non-polynomial effective action derived by an application of the Israel junction condition formalism. Within a saddle-point approximation of the propagator describing the evolution from an initial to a final throat radius, we show that topology-changing transitions are suppressed by the Hessian determinant. In addition, we analyze the gravitational thermodynamics of the wormhole spacetime by a Wick rotation of the Israel-Lanczos equations in the presence of a thin-shell source. The resulting Euclideanized field equations are assumed to originate from a Euclidean effective gravity-matter action, which enters the path-integral representation of the gravitational canonical partition function. Therefrom we associate a temperature given by the inverse period of solutions, as well as a gravitational entropy as functions of the surface energy density and equation of state parameter of the shell. Both quantities are sourced entirely by the discontinuity of the extrinsic curvature across the junction. We show how this result can be applied to deduce a thermodynamic first law as the differential version of the conservation equation relating the effective mass of the shell to its surface pressure.</jats:p>

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• Journal article
  Isichei R, Magueijo J, 2026,

  Attracting without being attracted: Dark matter as an aether wind

  , Physical Review D, Vol: 113, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2470-0010

  We explore the possibility that part of what we call dark matter may be the mark of a preferred frame, revealing a breakdown of diffeomorphism invariance. In the nonrelativistic limit, this appears as a deviant matter source capable of attracting normal matter, but not feeling the attraction from other forms of matter or from itself. While this implies a violation of momentum conservation, no logical inconsistencies arise in this deviant “Newtonian” limit. In contrast, due to Bianchi identities, the relativistic theory must undergo core change, and we discuss a modification of Einstein’s gravity capable of coupling a nonconserved source to gravity. It results from fixing some of the spatial components of the metric, thereby constraining the possible diffeomorphisms and clipping some of the equations. Bianchi identities can always be used to refill the equations, but the effective Stückelberg stresses are so outlandish that this defines symmetry breakdown and violations of local energy-momentum conservation. We work out spherically symmetric solutions with static halos and flat rotation curves, with and without a central black hole. The model has the drawback that it can evade experimental constraints simply by setting to zero the local density of deviant matter (which is a nondynamic input). Its presence, in contrast, would leave inimitable signatures. We briefly discuss the Hamiltonian formulation of these models, where such dark matter appears as a central charge in the Poisson bracket of the Hamiltonian and the momentum.

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• Journal article
  Mentasti G, Contaldi CR, Peloso M, 2026,

  Strong scale-dependence does not enhance the kinematic boosting of gravitational wave backgrounds

  , Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol: 2026, Pages: 068-068

  <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Existing expressions in the literature appear to indicate that Doppler boosting, due to our proper motion with respect to the isotropic frame of the universe, can amplify stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds whose energy spectra exhibit strong scale dependence, for example, those generated by large scalar perturbations in models of primordial black holes or by astrophysical populations with broken power-law behaviour. It has been suggested that this enhancement could increase the signal-to-noise ratio of such backgrounds in pulsar timing measurements, as well as in ground- and space-based observatories.We show that the reported enhancement is an artefact of a Taylor expansion of the boosted signal, typically performed in the literature under the assumption of a small boosting parameter. This approximation fails to reproduce the correct result for signals with strong scale dependence. When Doppler boosting is treated exactly, the apparent amplification disappears. Using representative spectra, we demonstrate that Doppler motion induces only blue- and red-shifting by the expected amount; it does not lead to additional amplification or introduce new spectral features. The exact expression for the kinematic boost can and should be easily applied in analysing such backgrounds.</jats:p>

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• Journal article
  Alvey J, Contaldi CR, Pieroni M, 2026,

  Simulation-based inference with deep ensembles: evaluating calibration uncertainty and detecting model misspecification

  , Machine Learning Science and Technology, Vol: 7

  Simulation-based inference (SBI) offers a principled and flexible framework for conducting Bayesian inference in any situation where forward simulations are feasible. However, validating the accuracy and reliability of the inferred posteriors remains a persistent challenge. In this work, we point out a simple diagnostic approach rooted in ensemble learning methods to assess the internal consistency of SBI outputs that does not require access to the true posterior. By training multiple neural estimators under identical conditions and evaluating their pairwise Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergences, we define a consistency criterion that quantifies agreement across the ensemble. We highlight two core use cases for this framework: (a) for generating a robust estimate of the systematic uncertainty in parameter reconstruction associated with the training procedure, and (b) for detecting possible model misspecification when using trained estimators on real data. We also demonstrate the relationship between significant KL divergences and issues such as insufficient convergence due to, e.g. too low a simulation budget, or intrinsic variance in the training process. Overall, this ensemble-based diagnostic framework provides a lightweight, scalable, and model-agnostic tool for enhancing the trustworthiness of SBI in scientific applications.

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  • Citations: 1
• Journal article
  Mentasti G, Contaldi CR, 2026,

  A unified spin-harmonic framework for correlating pulsar timing, astrometric deflection, and shimmering gravitational wave observations

  , Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol: 2026, Pages: 013-013

  <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> We present a unified spin-weighted harmonic framework that delivers analytic, diagonal expressions for the overlap (correlation) functions of three low frequency gravitational wave observables-pulsar timing redshifts, astrometric deflections, and time-dependent image distortions (“shimmering”). Writing each response in spin- <jats:italic>s</jats:italic> spherical harmonics and rotating to a basis in which the wave tensor has definite helicity, we obtain compact closed-form series for every auto- and cross-correlation, recovering the Hellings-Downs curve as the <jats:italic>s</jats:italic> = 0 limit and deriving its astrometric ( <jats:italic>s</jats:italic> = ± 1) and shimmering ( <jats:italic>s</jats:italic> = ± 2) analogues. The formalism naturally extends to non-standard scalar-breathing, longitudinal, and vector polarisation modes, clarifying when higher-spin observables are (and are not) sourced and providing a complete set of harmonic spectra <jats:italic> C <jats:sub>ℓ</jats:sub> </jats:italic> ready for parameter estimation pipelines. These results supply the common theoretical language needed to combine upcoming pulsar timing, Gaia-class astrometric, and high resolution imaging data sets, enabling coherent, multi probe searches for stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds, tests of general relativity and its alternatives across the nano- to micro-hertz gravitational wave band. </jats:p>

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• Journal article
  Hull C, Lindström U, Velásquez Cotini Hutt ML, 2026,

  Gravitational currents and charges from conformal Killing–Yano tensors

  , Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol: 43, Pages: 025005-025005, ISSN: 0264-9381

  <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We construct a set of higher-form conserved currents on spacetimes admitting conformal Killing–Yano tensors. We find relations between these currents that allow the charge given by integrating one of these currents over a region to be re-expressed as an integral of a covariant quantity over the boundary. In many cases, only a non-covariant form of the boundary integral was previously known. For a special class of these currents the conservation does not rely on field equations, so they give conserved topological charges in any gravitational theory. We discuss the relation of our currents to the Komar current and derive several new properties of conformal Killing–Yano tensors. We study a number of applications of our construction to charges of black hole solutions of Einstein–Maxwell theory, and D-brane solutions of type II supergravity.</jats:p>

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• Journal article
  de Rham C, Tolley AJ, Wang Z-H, Zhou S-Yet al., 2026,

  Primal S-matrix bootstrap with dispersion relations

  , Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP), Vol: 2026, ISSN: 1126-6708

  We propose a new method for constructing the consistent space of scattering amplitudes by parameterizing the imaginary parts of partial waves and utilizing dispersion relations, crossing symmetry, and full unitarity. Using this framework, we explicitly compute bounds on the leading couplings and examine the Regge behaviors of the constructed amplitudes. The method also readily accommodates spinning bound states, which we use to constrain glueball couplings. By incorporating dispersion relations, our approach inherently satisfies the Froissart-Martin/Jin-Martin bounds or softer high-energy behaviors by construction. This, in turn, allows us to formulate a new class of fractionally subtracted dispersion relations, through which we investigate the sensitivity of coupling bounds to the asymptotic growth rate.

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• Journal article
  Hull C, Zabzine M, 2026,

  The symplectic geometry of p-form gauge fields

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2026

  We formulate interacting antisymmetric tensor gauge theory in a configuration space consisting of a pair of dual field strengths which has a natural symplectic structure. The field equations are formulated as the intersection of a pair of submanifolds of this infinite-dimensional symplectic configuration space, one of which is a Lagrangian submanifold while the other is either a coisotropic or Lagrangian submanifold, depending on the topology. Chern-Simons interactions give the configuration space an interesting global structure. We consider in detail the example of a six-dimensional theory of a 3-form field strength coupled to Yang-Mills theory via a Chern-Simons interaction. Our approach applies to a broad class of gauge systems.

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• Journal article
  Hull C, Lambert N, 2026,

  The CFT of Sen’s formulation of chiral gauge fields

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2026

  Sen’s action for chiral bosons in 2 dimensions describes two chiral scalars, one of which couples to the physical metric and one of which couples to a flat metric. It has a generalisation in which the flat metric is replaced by an arbitrary second metric and so can be formulated on any curved world-sheet. When the two metrics are equal, the theory reduces to a βγ system, giving a non-unitary c = 2 conformal field theory. We argue that the relation between this and the theory of two chiral bosonic scalars of the same chirality can be viewed as a ‘bosonisation’. We show that the standard vertex operators for the chiral scalars are vertex operators and line operators in the Sen formulation and derive the formulation in the Sen theory of correlation functions in the chiral scalar theory. The flat space Sen theory can be coupled to two different world-sheet metrics in such a way that one scalar couples to one metric and the other to the other metric, so obtaining the general formulation with two metrics. In d = 4k + 2 dimensions, the bi-metric action for a 2k-form gauge field with self-dual field strength reduces, when the two metrics are equal, to a conformal field theory with a BF-type action, except that B is a self-dual d/2-form and F is a d/2-form field strength, F = dP. The self-duality of B means that this is not a topological theory but instead represents two self-dual gauge fields. This has a generalisation to a democratic action for p-form gauge fields in any dimension.

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• Journal article
  Liu X, Reall HS, Santos JE, Wiseman Tet al., 2025,

  Ill-posedness of the Cauchy problem for linearized gravity in a cavity with conformal boundary conditions

  , CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0264-9381
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• Journal article
  Bennett S, Hanany A, Kumaran G, 2025,

  Orthosymplectic quotient quiver subtraction. Part II. Framed quivers

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Isichei R, Magueijo J, 2025,

  Thermodynamics in spacetimes without horizons

  , Physical Review D, Vol: 112, ISSN: 2470-0010

  We consider the energetics and thermodynamics of spacetimes with no horizons, but endowed with a preferred timelike junction surface. They could arise as a limiting case of the gravastar and other constructions regularizing the interior of the horizon of a black hole, or from the conceptual cutting of a portion of a nonasymptotically flat space and gluing it with flat space. We find that such surfaces can be made to have zero energy, so that the energetics of such spaces is not encumbered by them. They do have a transverse pressure, fixed by the jump in surface gravity. A peculiar matter thermodynamics then follows, with well-defined entropy, temperature, and surface pressure, constrained by specific relations arising from the zero energy condition. This is confirmed by the Euclidean path integral, with the proviso that the Tolman-Ehrenfest temperature should be used. The entropy of the space is then the area of the timelike surface in units of a fundamental area, and the matter temperature is proportional to the transverse pressure and so the jump in surface gravity. However, when the gravitational action is added, the free energy of the surface is also zero. The fact that for some such spaces the temperature comes out negative raises interesting questions regarding the third “law” of thermodynamics.

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• Journal article
  Gautason FF, van Muiden J, 2025,

  Ensembles in M-theory and holography

  , Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol: 2025

  We discuss that the string/M-theory partition function requires a choice of ensembles, depending on which background fields are held fixed. The background fields correspond to worldvolume couplings in the effective action approach to the superstring, which we extrapolate to the M2-brane. One natural ensemble in this context, which we call the M2-ensemble, corresponds to fixing the value of the M-theory three-form potential. In holographic setups the choice of ensemble is important when comparing to observables in the dual field theory. Indeed, in AdS<inf>4</inf> holography the M2-ensemble does not map gravitational observables directly to field theory observables at a fixed rank N, but rather to observables in the grand canonical ensemble. We remark that many M2-brane partition functions take a simple form in this ensemble hinting at one-loop exactness. We also discuss how in AdS<inf>7</inf> holography, the M2-ensemble does correspond to the canonical ensemble in the field theory, i.e. the (2,0) theory at fixed rank N.

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  • Citations: 2
• Journal article
  Dowker F, Liu R, Lloyd-Jones D, 2025,

  Timelike boundary and corner terms in the causal set action

  , CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0264-9381
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• Journal article
  de Rham C, Jazayeri S, Tolley AJ, 2025,

  Bispectrum islands: bootstrap bounds on cosmological correlators

  , Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol: 112, ISSN: 1550-7998

  Inspired by the amplitude bootstrap program, the spirit of this work is to constrain the space of consistent inflationary correlation functions—specifically, the bispectrum of curvature perturbations—using fundamental principles such as unitarity, locality, analyticity, and symmetries. To this end, we assume a setup for inflation in which de Sitter isometries are only mildly broken by the slow roll of the inflaton field, and study the bispectrum imprinted by a generic hidden sector during inflation. Assuming that the hidden sector’s contributions to primordial non-Gaussianity are dominated by the exchange of a scalar operator (which does not preclude high-spin UV completions), we derive nontrivial positivity constraints on the resulting bispectrum 𝐵⁡(𝑘1,𝑘2,𝑘3). In particular, we show that 𝐵 must be negative in a certain region around the equilateral configuration. For instance, for isosceles triangles (with 𝑘2 =𝑘3) this region is given by 0.027 ≲𝑘3/𝑘1 ≤2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that unitarity imposes upper and lower bounds on the bispectrum shape, thereby carving out a bispectrum island where consistent shapes in our setup can reside. We complement our analysis by contemplating alternative setups where the coupling to the hidden sector is allowed to strongly break de Sitter boosts. We also identify situations that would push the bispectrum off the island and the profound physical features they would reveal.

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• Journal article
  Chester SM, Mouland R, van Muiden J, 2025,

  Extremal couplings, graviton exchange, and gluon scattering in AdS

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Gkountoumis G, Hull C, Nian G-E, Vandoren Set al., 2025,

  Duality and infinite distance limits in asymmetric freely acting orbifolds

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Dowker F, 2025,

  Unifying gravity and quantum theory requires better understanding of time

  , NATURE, Vol: 645, Pages: 32-34, ISSN: 0028-0836
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• Journal article
  Gautason FF, van Muiden J, 2025,

  Localization of the M2-Brane

  , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 135, ISSN: 0031-9007
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• Journal article
  Hull CM, 2025,

  Monopoles, Dirac strings and generalised symmetries

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Beccaria M, Roiban R, Tseytlin AA, 2025,

  2-loop scattering on superstring and supermembrane in flat space

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Tseytlin AA, Wang Z, 2025,

  On world-sheet S-matrix of NSR string in static gauge

  , NUCLEAR PHYSICS B, Vol: 1018, ISSN: 0550-3213
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• Journal article
  Borsten L, Duff MJ, Kanakaris D, Kim Het al., 2025,

  Duality anomalies in linearized gravity

  , PHYSICAL REVIEW D, Vol: 112, ISSN: 2470-0010
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  • Citations: 1
• Journal article
  Chester SM, Ferrero P, Pavarini DR, 2025,

  Modular invariant gluon-graviton scattering in AdS at one loop

  , JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
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• Journal article
  Elder B, Mentasti G, Pasatembou E, Baynham CFA, Buchmueller O, Contaldi CR, de Rham C, Hobson R, Tolley AJet al., 2025,

  Prospects for detecting new dark physics with the next generation of atomic clocks

  , Physical Review D, Vol: 112, ISSN: 2470-0010

  Wide classes of new fundamental physics theories cause apparent variations in particle mass ratios in space and time. In theories that violate the weak equivalence principle (EP), those variations are not uniform across all particles and may be detected with atomic and molecular clock frequency comparisons. In this work we explore the potential to detect those variations with near-future clock comparisons. We begin by searching published clock data for variations in the electron-proton mass ratio. We then undertake a statistical analysis to model the noise in a variety of clock pairs that can be built in the near future according to the current state of the art, determining their sensitivity to various fundamental physics signals. Those signals are then connected to constraints on fundamental physics theories that lead directly or indirectly to an effective EP-violating, including those motivated by dark matter, dark energy, the vacuum energy problem, unification or other open questions of fundamental physics. This work results in projections for tight new bounds on fundamental physics that could be achieved with atomic and molecular clocks within the next few years. Our code for this work is packaged into a forecast tool that translates clock characteristics into bounds on fundamental physics.

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