@article{Wen:2026:10.1002/mrm.70395,
author = {Wen, K and Ferreira, PF and Di, Biase Oemick A and Wage, R and Kunze, KP and Wang, F and Pennell, DJ and Scott, AD and Nielles-Vallespin, S},
doi = {10.1002/mrm.70395},
journal = {Magn Reson Med},
title = {Evaluation of Third-Order Motion-Compensated Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging Across Cardiac Phases Using an Ultra-High-Performance Clinical Scanner.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.70395},
year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - PURPOSE: To evaluate a third-order motion-compensated spin echo (M3-MCSE) sequence at multiple cardiac phases on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner with ultra-high performance (UHP) gradients (200 mT/m), compared with stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and second-order MCSE (M2-MCSE) for cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI). METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects underwent mid-ventricular short-axis cDTI at peak systole and diastasis using STEAM, M2-MCSE, and M3-MCSE. cDTI metrics and image quality were compared. In five additional healthy subjects, diffusion-weighted images were obtained at multiple trigger delays distributed over diastasis to assess motion-induced signal loss. RESULTS: Compared to M2-MCSE, M3-MCSE yielded higher systolic helix angle map scores (  p = 0.007 $$ p=0.007 $$  ) but lower diastolic scores (  p = 0.001 $$ p=0.001 $$  ), with no significant difference in mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, helix angle transmurality or sheetlet angle in systole/diastole. STEAM-derived apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were consistent across diastasis, while ADC for MCSE sequences increased at sub-optimal trigger delays. CONCLUSION: UHP gradients enabled in vivo evaluation of M3-MCSE, showing superior systolic cDTI but reduced diastolic performance versus M2-MCSE due to reduced signal-to-noise ratio and a longer motion-sensitive window. Future work may consider numerically optimized gradient designs to enhance MCSE robustness throughout the cardiac cycle.
AU  - Wen,K
AU  - Ferreira,PF
AU  - Di,Biase Oemick A
AU  - Wage,R
AU  - Kunze,KP
AU  - Wang,F
AU  - Pennell,DJ
AU  - Scott,AD
AU  - Nielles-Vallespin,S
DO  - 10.1002/mrm.70395
PY  - 2026///
TI  - Evaluation of Third-Order Motion-Compensated Cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging Across Cardiac Phases Using an Ultra-High-Performance Clinical Scanner.
T2  - Magn Reson Med
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.70395
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42020092
ER  - 

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