@article{Milner:2018:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.002,
author = {Milner, P and Parkes, M and Puetzer, J and Chapman, R and Cann, P and Stevens, M and Jeffers, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.002},
journal = {Acta Biomaterialia},
pages = {102--111},
title = {A low friction, biphasic and boundary lubricating hydrogel for cartilage replacement},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.002},
volume = {65},
year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Partial joint repair is a surgical procedure where an artificial material is used to replace localised chondral damage. These artificial bearing surfaces must articulate against cartilage, but current materials do not replicate both the biphasic and boundary lubrication mechanisms of cartilage. A research challenge therefore exists to provide a material that mimics both boundary and biphasic lubrication mechanisms of cartilage.In this work a polymeric network of a biomimetic boundary lubricant, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), was incorporated into an ultra-tough double network (DN) biphasic (water phase+polymer phase) gel, to form a PMPC triple network (PMPC TN) hydrogel with boundary and biphasic lubrication capability. The presence of this third network of MPC was confirmed using ATR-FTIR. The PMPC TN hydrogel had a yield stress of 26MPa, which is an order of magnitude higher than the peak stresses found in the native human knee. A preliminary pin on plate tribology study was performed where both the DN and PMPC TN hydrogels experienced a reduction in friction with increasing sliding speed which is consistent with biphasic lubrication. In the physiological sliding speed range, the PMPC TN hydrogel halved the friction compared to the DN hydrogel indicating the boundary lubricating PMPC network was working.A biocompatible, tough, strong and chondral lubrication imitating PMPC TN hydrogel was synthesised in this work. By complementing the biphasic and boundary lubrication mechanisms of cartilage, PMPC TN hydrogel could reduce the reported incidence of chondral damage opposite partial joint repair implants, and therefore increase the clinical efficacy of partial joint repair.Statement of SignificanceThis paper presents the synthesis, characterisation and preliminary tribological testing of a new biomaterial that aims to recreate the primary chondral lubrication mechanisms: boundary and biphasic lubrication. This work has demonstrated that the
AU  - Milner,P
AU  - Parkes,M
AU  - Puetzer,J
AU  - Chapman,R
AU  - Cann,P
AU  - Stevens,M
AU  - Jeffers,J
DO  - 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.002
EP  - 111
PY  - 2018///
SN  - 1742-7061
SP  - 102
TI  - A low friction, biphasic and boundary lubricating hydrogel for cartilage replacement
T2  - Acta Biomaterialia
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.002
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742706117306773
VL  - 65
ER  - 

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